An Overview on Functional Integration of Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems in Multi-Energy Buildings

نویسندگان

چکیده

Buildings are responsible for over 30% of global final energy consumption and nearly 40% total CO2 emissions. Thus, rapid penetration renewable technologies (RETs) in this sector is required. Integration sources (RESs) into residential buildings should not only guarantee an overall neutral balance long term horizon (nZEB concept), but also provide a higher flexibility, real-time monitoring real time interaction with end-users (smart-building concept). increasing interest being given to the concepts Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems (HRES) Multi-Energy Buildings, which several nonrenewable systems, networks demand optimally interact each other at various levels, exploring all possible interactions between systems vectors (electricity, heat, cooling, fuels, transport) without them treated separately. In context, present paper gives overview functional integration HRES evidencing numerous problems potentialities related application HRESs building sector. Building-integrated least two RESs (i.e., wind–solar, solar–geothermal solar–biomass) considered. The most applied solutions presented, thermal electrical loads connected external multiple grids investigated. Attention focused on that can offer terms flexibility services grids. New holistic approaches management more complex architectures optimal control described.

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ژورنال

عنوان ژورنال: Energies

سال: 2021

ISSN: ['1996-1073']

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/en14041078